A Causal Link Between The Presences Of Sports And A...

The goal of this paper is to be able to establish a causal link between the presences of sports in a postsecondary school affect the number of male students attending these schools. The reason we would want to answer this question is should we incorporate sports more in schools to increase male attendance and level out the gap between male and female enrollment. State Universities that are wanting to become established and increase their male enrollment, as well as their presence in the athletic arena will have a great interest in this correlation. The answer to this question is interesting and valuable from an Economics point of view is to influence postsecondary school’s to help make the decision if they should incorporate sports teams†¦show more content†¦With the presence of sports this could create a positive effect on the number of men enrolled in these schools. Other factors that affect the number of enrolled men are the different kinds of sports. For instance, Football may increase the number of enrolled men. But soccer will decrease the number of men enrolled. When researching papers that could help determining if there is a casual link between sports in postsecondary schools and male attendance, the only thing that was found of interest was that â€Å"High school athletic participation was significantly related to educational progress among suburban and rural white males.† (Sabo, pg. 50) Since it seems that there is some data and research suggesting that male students who participated in sports during their high school careers went on to college and had success. One could argue that since these students had participated in sports during their high school career and went on to succeed in college, there would be an increase in male students when more sports or present. It is logical to think that if a male student is highly interested in sports and even participates in the sport, that they would prefer to attend a school that has sports. This is the only article that I could find that had a discussion between male college attendance and sport. I feel that I am contributing to the research, instead of looking at student’s

Assignment 302 Principles Of Personal Development In Adult...

Assignment 302 Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Task A Guidance You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practice important? c) How reflective practice contributes to improving the quality of service provision. d) How standards can be used to help a social care worker reflect on their practice. A GUIDE TO REFLECTIVE PRACTICE WHAT IS REFLECTIVE†¦show more content†¦Task B Personal development plan (PDP) Bi Design a template for a personal development plan (PDP) that you could use to improve your learning, development and professional practice. For each heading in the template, provide a brief summary describing what should be included. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN WHAT IS MY CURRENT STATE? What are my Strengths? Strengths 1 2 3 4 5 What are my weaknesses? Weaknesses 1 2 3 4 5 What feedback have I received ?(Good and Bad) Feedback 1 2 3 4 5 What other performance indicators can I note? Performance Indicators 1 2 3 4 5 Conclusion Focus Areas Priorities 1 2 3 4 5 WHAT IS MY DESIRED STATE? What do I hope to achieve/improve Desired state from focus Areas 1 2 3 4 Why do I want to achieve that? Why do I want it? 1 2 3 4 5 What are my short term goals? Short term goals 1 2 3 4 5 What are my medium term goals? Medium term goals 1 2 3 4 5 What are my long term goals? Long term goals 1 2 3 4 5 HOW DO I GET THERE? What must I learn/achieve/experience to get to this state? What is needed? 1 2 3 What resources do I have to enable me to learn/experience/improve? Resources 1 2 3 4 TIMELINE When do I want or need to achieve the desired state? TIMELINES SCHEDULE What is my schedule to work on these? Focus Area #1 Short term goal: Medium term goal: Long term goal: Focus Area #1 Hours per week: Focus Area #2 Short term goal: Medium termShow MoreRelatedHealth and Social Care Diploma 3 302969 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 302 Principles of Personal development in adult social care settings Task A You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review of their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practice importantRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 Pagescode 500/8887/7/C2 Book code 500/8887/7/C3 Publication dates Version 2.0 July 2010 Version 3.0 September 2010 Version 4.0 October 2010 Version 5.0 December 2010 Version 6.0 May 2011 Version 7.0 December 2011 Publisher Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education Apex House 81 Camp Road St Albans Hertfordshire AL1 5GB Telephone: 0845 347 2123 Registered Company No: 2887166 Registered Charity No: 1036232 Printed in England by Ocà © (UK) Limited Ocà © House Chatham Way Brentwood Essex CM14Read MoreAward In Education Training 650231182 Words   |  105 Pagesand Training (City and Guilds 6502) Level 3 ‘RESOURCE PACK B’ Assignment construction kit This belongs to: ‘Andragogic Education’ - Aned Ltd. 11 Church Road, Great Bookham. KT233PB Contents Page Constructing your Award in Education and Training portfolio 3 Guide to writing Award in Education and Training answers 3 4 Assessment record form 6 A) Unit 301 – requirements and assessment criteria 9 B) Unit 302 – requirements and assessment criteria 18 C) Unit 305 – requirementsRead MoreAdvocacy Core Units 301 304 Learner pac Essay27222 Words   |  109 PagesQualification in Advocacy 7566 Certificate in Independent Advocacy Self Study Pack to accompany Core Modules 301 302 303 304 Purpose and Principles of Independent Advocacy Providing Effective Independent Advocacy Support Maintaining the Advocacy Relationship Providing Advocacy to a Range of Different Groups of People  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 1 Learner Resource Pack  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 2 Welcome to the learner pack which will supportRead MoreTaqa Assessor Award Essay6595 Words   |  27 Pagesattitude required for the application of the learning within that field. Assessing is not the same as evaluating. Rather than the focus being on the programme or course the learner is on (evaluation), the focus is instead on the learner and their development. Assessors need to determine a learners knowledge and performance against a set of pre-defined criteria. These criteria may be set up to assess learning for an eventual formal qualification in a particular topic or job role. Qualifications canRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreGive Fashion Brand Case Study6385 Words   |  26 PagesMSc Marketing Module: Managing Marketing Resources 2009/2010 Assessors: John Temperley, Jon James Students: Michael Lukas Andelfinger, Lucy Marcella Baird, Naomi Hannah Griffiths, Shady Haddad, Alexander Pilz, Rainer Monteagudo Santi Assignment 1: Group Project – GIVe Fashion Brand case study Word Count: 2,996 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 2. Analysis of the BackgroundRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesOrganization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and JeanRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmanage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute TutorialsRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesincluding the so-called â€Å"Development† Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the World Trade Organization, and the lagging support for some bilateral trade agreements pose additional challenges to global managers and multinational companies. In addition, the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has renewed calls for corporations to do more to protect the planet and governments to get tougher with companies in terms of oversight and accountability. The advent of social networking and other media

Malaysia Chinese Culture Free Essays

Malaysia’s cultural mosaic is marked by many different cultures, but several in particular have had especially lasting influence on the country. Chief among these is the ancient Malay culture, and the cultures of Malaysia’s two most prominent trading partners throughout history–the Chinese, and the Indians. These three groups are joined by a dizzying array of indigenous tribes, many of which live in the forests and coastal areas of Borneo. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Chinese Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although each of these cultures has vigorously maintained its traditions and community structures, they have also blended together to create contemporary Malaysia’s uniquely diverse heritage. Populated by the three (3) major races found in Asia, Malaysia culture is a melange of Indian, Malay and Chinese influence The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees. The Chinese character â€Å"fu† (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the â€Å"reversed fu† is homophonic with â€Å"fu comes†, both being pronounced as â€Å"fudaole. † What’s more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall. Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think â€Å"jiaozi† in sound means â€Å"bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new†. Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room. People in different places follow various customs, but all show their love and longing for a better life. Today people will enjoy the full moon and eat moon cakes on that day. The moon looks extremely round, big and bright on the 15th day of each lunar month. People selected the August 15 to celebrate because it is a season when crops and fruits are all ripe and weather pleasant. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, all family members or friends meet outside, putting food on tables and looking up at the sky while talking about life. How splendid a moment it is! | There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan. People will dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day. On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil. | The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness. This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet. How to cite Malaysia Chinese Culture, Papers

Human Behaviour Psychology

Question: Discuss the nature and history of psychology and key theoretical concepts? Answer: Introduction The provided literature, It is often stated that boys are better at maths and that girls are better at language. It is observed that fewer women than men work as scientists and engineers focuses on the general psychological perception that the men and women in the societies across the world think differently. The literature suggests that the men in the societies are more capable of handling a number of difficult situations and issues which requires technical thinking, reasoning and analytical abilities. The literature also suggests that the women in the societies are not capable of thinking innovatively and applying their analytical abilities to resolve various real time issues and scenarios (Mowday, 2013). This was suggested by the statement included in the literature that boys are better at maths than the girls. Similarly the literature also suggests that the women in the societies across the globe are better at languages than the men. This statement included in the literature sugg ests that the men in the societies are not capable of utilising and implementing their skills in languages. In this report we will review this literature and understand the opinions and facts behind the various statements included in the literature under review (Smith, 2014). Nature and history of psychology This literature review focuses on the literature provided which is related to the psychological state of the human kind in various societies across the globe in the current time. The literature review also focuses on the description of the concepts of psychology and applied psychology. The concept of psychology can be defined as the concept which allows the human mind and behaviour to be studied by the humans to understand and analyse the various factors responsible for influencing the thinking process and decision making process of the humans (Neisser, 2014). The concept of psychology allows us to define and derive theories based on the findings regarding the thinking process and decision making process of the humans which could replicate the results of the processing of information through the mind of the humans depending on their behaviour and characteristic traits. The history of psychology dates back to the ancient civilisations across the entire globe (Ross, 2011). The early ci vilisations across the world were focused on the philosophical study of the concept of psychology which was gradually upgraded to the experimental study of the concept of psychology by the civilisations in the latter time. The concept of psychology allowed the development and usage of the concept of applied psychology. The concept of applied psychology is the study which allows us to implement and use various theories of psychology in various situations in the real world. The concept of applied psychology allows the individuals in various societies across the world to simulate and solve various real time issues and problems in the real world. The applications of these theories and principles derived and developed in the concept of psychology allow the humans to dig deeper into the opportunities and possible solutions of a number of unresolved issues in the real world (James, 2011). Key theoretical concepts There are a number of key theoretical concepts and major empirical findings in the domain of psychology. This section of the literature review focuses on the various concepts in the domain of psychology and applied psychology, which in turn allows us to correlate them with the literature under review. Some of the categories of the theories in psychology are cognitive theories, humanist theories, learning theories, behavioural theories, developmental theories, social psychology theories and personality theories (Moore, 2012). Among all of these theories in the field of psychology, social psychology is the one which can be correlated with the literature under review. Social psychology is the field which focuses on various activities and events in the society in terms of the behaviour showed by the individuals living in various parts of the societies. The concept of social psychology is related to the processes utilised by the individuals and groups of individuals living in the current societies for perceiving, behaving and communicating in the surroundings in the corresponding societies (Nestor, 2014). There are a number of effects and concepts included in the study of social psychology, which allows us to determine and analyse the actual reasons behind the processes utilised by the individuals and group of individuals in their day to day life in the societies. The current literature under review can be considered to be based on the perception of the individuals and group of individuals regarding the differences in the capabilities of men and women in the societies in the countries. The social psychology can define this perception of the individuals and groups of individuals as one of the conventional ways of perception of the people in various societies across the entire world. The literature under study can also be analysed on the basis of behavioural psychology which allows us to define the perception of the individuals and groups of individuals across the wor ld regarding the differences in capabilities and preferences of the women and men in the societies across the world. The literature under study mentions that the men are generally better at maths, whereas the women are generally better at language. This fact can be considered to be a biased fact that the women in the societies are capable of handling easy tasks only. This can be analysed on the basis of behavioural and social psychology. The literature can be supported by the analysis under the humanist psychology concepts again which in turn allows us to understand the factors behind the perception of the differences in the capabilities and preferences of the males and females in the societies across the globe. These theoretical concepts of psychology also allows these perceptions and literatures to be correlated to a number of pressing issues in the current societies across the world (Maslow, 2013). Critical analysis The previous section allowed us to understand the correlation between the literature under study and various theories in the field of psychology. We analysed the literature on the basis of a number of concepts associated with the humanist, behavioural and social psychology theories. This section of the report allows us to take a different critical approach for the analysis of the literature under study (Fiske, 2010). We can also consider the perception of the individuals and groups of individuals regarding the preferences and capabilities of the women in the field of languages in comparison of the expertise of the men in the field of maths in a different way. The literature may be focusing and suggesting the ease of studying and working in the field of language in comparison to maths. This review of the literature allows us to identify and analyse the intention of the literature to insult the field of language by focusing on the significance and importance of the field of maths. Anot her statement included in the literature focuses on the higher number of males having the jobs of scientists and researchers in comparison to the females can be considered to be a result of workplace biasing. This review can allow us to understand the differences in perceptions of the individuals and groups of individuals across the globe regarding the preferences of males and females regarding their career options and goals. This could also be considered as a result of the presence of inequalities between the employees and individuals across the workplaces in the corresponding industries across the world. Thus the literature under the review could be perceived in a number of ways based on a number of theories of psychology along with a number of factors in the societies across the globe, which in turn allows the individuals and groups of the individuals to look at the literature under study in different ways. This also allows us to identify the intention, objective and focus of the literature in a number of ways based on various theories of psychology (Howell, 2012). Conclusion The entire report was focused on the analysis of the literature provided to us. This literature included statements which defined the perceptions of the people around the world regarding the preferences and capabilities of men and women across the globe. This literature suggested that the women are more capable at languages in comparison to maths which generally the men are capable at (Koffka, 2013). This difference between the capabilities and preferences between the males and females around the world is defined in terms of various theories of psychology such as the humanist, behavioural and social psychology. The critical review of the literature allowed us to view the literature from a different direction as well which allowed us to determine the intention of the literature to assume that language is a relatively easier field to study and work in relation to maths. The literature also focuses on a statement that more males in the entire world have the jobs of scientists and resear chers in comparison to the females. This statement included in the literature is also considered as the way which allows the individuals and groups of individuals to perceive something in the societies on the basis of a number of notions and biases (Heider, 2013). References Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., Lindzey, G. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Heider, F. (2013). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Psychology Press. Howell, D. (2012). Statistical methods for psychology. Cengage Learning. James, W. (2011). The Principles of Psychology (Volume 2 of 2). Digireads. com Publishing. Koffka, K. (2013). Principles of Gestalt psychology. Routledge. Maslow, A. H. (2013). Toward a psychology of being. Start Publishing LLC. Moore, B. C. (Ed.). (2012). An introduction to the psychology of hearing. Brill. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013). Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press. Neisser, U. (2014). Cognitive Psychology: Classic Edition. Psychology Press. Nestor, P. G., Schutt, R. K. (2014). Research methods in psychology: Investigating behavior. Sage Publications. Ross, L., Nisbett, R. E. (2011). The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. Pinter Martin Publishers. Smith, E. R., Mackie, D. M., Claypool, H. M. (2014). Social psychology. Psychology Press.

Speech To Focus On Plans To Help Essays - Rodham Family,

Speech to focus on plans to help children, poor January 19, 1999 BY JUDITH HAVEMANN AND WALTER PINCUS WASHINGTON POST WASHINGTON--President Clinton will propose in his State of the Union address tonight a $1 billion expansion of the federal government's efforts to help the nation's most disadvantaged families move from welfare to work, White House officials said Monday. The officials said the initiative will help about 200,000 welfare families get jobs. ``Despite the enormous progress we have made in the last few years in moving people from welfare to work, we need to make an extra effort for the people still on the rolls because they will be the hardest to place,'' said presidential adviser Bruce Reed. The initiative is aimed at increasing employment of low-income, absent fathers of children on welfare, so they can pay child support and get involved in their children's lives. Many of these fathers have prison records, and only 30 percent have held a job in the past year, according to a recent study. Only about 10 percent to 15 percent of children on public assistance receive any formal child support from their absent parent. Clinton also plans to propose a tax credit of up to $500 per child, age 1 or younger, to offset costs for parents who choose to stay home to care for their kids. The proposal is part of a larger child care package that seeks $18 billion over five years to aid working poor and middle-class families. The administration also will propose $1 billion over five years to improve health care for many of the nation's 32 million uninsured adults. The money would be used to encourage community clinics and hospitals to work together to keep track of patients and make sure they get needed treatment. Scheduled for delivery in the House chamber at 8 p.m. Chicago time, shortly after his lawyers wrap up their first day of arguments in the Senate impeachment trial, Clinton's speech will not include a single mention of the word impeachment, aides said. The president insisted on going ahead with his speech, despite its awkward timing, to demonstrate that he is conducting business as usual even as the Senate considers whether to remove him from office. Among other domestic and foreign policy proposals previewed Monday by White House officials were: * An initiative to bring greater accountability to state and local school systems. Clinton will offer a five-point plan to hold schools accountable for the $20 billion in federal educational spending they receive. The plan would reward districts that make sure teachers are qualified in the subjects they are assigned to teach, enforce classroom discipline, intervene to help low-performing schools, end social promotion of students who have not mastered the material taught during the year and issue ``report cards'' to parents on issues such as class size, teacher qualifications and student scores. * A near doubling--to $4.2 billion--over the next five years of the U.S. program helping to dismantle Russia's aging nuclear and biological weapons, protect facilities holding nuclear materials and create nonmilitary research projects for Moscow's former weapons builders.

Off Campus Lunches Essay Example

Off Campus Lunches Essay Example Off Campus Lunches Paper Off Campus Lunches Paper Open Campus Lunches Being a teenager is a great time. You start to gain certain freedoms that you were not able to enjoy when you were younger. Responsibility Is an Inevitable part of growing up. Although it may not be a necessity, eating lunch off campus Is not an option that our school offers, which Isnt fair to the students. In fact, only 1 In every 3 high school campuses are allowed to eat lunch off school grounds. In previous years students eve been given the opportunity to leave during their lunch hours. The chance to do this was revoked after the students were being Irresponsible with their time and violating school rules. Students In our class and classes below us should not be punished for the mistakes that the students before us made and should be given the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Being able to leave the school during lunch hours is a privilege, but not all students are able to make smart decisions when given privileges. Administrators were unable to control what students could do once hey left the school property, which led to students taking part in illegal activities off school campus. Of course not all students were guilty of breaking the rules,which is why it is difficult for administrators to attempt to make a choice that is justifiable for everyone. Although I do not agree with the decision of the administrators who have taken away campus lunches, they also have their reasons for having doubts on letting students leave. With obesity rates being at an all time high in the United States, school administrators are debating on whether the students are able to make the lethal choices they need. Government officials are making low calorie diets mandatory in K-12 schools across the country. With obesity rates at 35. 7%, the medical costs are also at an all time high. The United States spent 147 billion dollars in 2008 on medical expenses related to obesity. The school has no way to control the nutritious value of the food that the students will be consuming. The government has begun putting strict restrictions on the nutritional value of the food students are eating, and with good reason. The average obese adult tends to spend $1,429 more on average on medical expenses alone. School meals are based on a low calorie diet In an attempt to lower the obesity rates. But the attempt to provide healthier lunches Is ruined when students are heading to their favorite fast food restaurant In order to save money and be back In time for class. The solution to finding a way to make sure that children are responsible enough to leave campus for lunch Is having them prove themselves throughout their high school career. I feel that open campus lunches would only be available to Juniors and seniors who have met certain requirements. Our school offers the black and orange cards, which gives students certain freedoms by meeting certain requirements through academics and attendance. The solution woo a De salary to tens program, except It would only De available to upperclassman. The requirements would have to include a good discipline history and a good attendance. This would help filter out the kids who would be abusing their privileges by not returning after they leave or partaking in illegal activities. By making sure that the responsible students are the ones who have the freedom, you would be protecting the students who have worked for the opportunity to have options at lunch. As for the health factor, students need to be in some sort of a physical education class, like most schools do. Lowering the obesity rate is not going to happen quickly, but there are preventative measures that we can take to help out our upcoming generations. I feel that keeping the country healthy is important but there should not be major restrictions to keep you from your freedoms. Teachers always say that they work to help prepare us for the real world. Well in the real world you have the ability to make your own choices, which makes giving us the responsibility to make our own decision a more helpful solution to preparing us for the real world. All in all, there are so many factors in the debate over open campus lunches that it is impossible to be able to be able to make one final choice, which is why high schools are so divided over the topic. In any situation there are going to be students who will e irresponsible with their privileges.

Centre And Then Compare Their Efficiency Essay -- Variable cost, Costs,

ï‚ § Market based transfer pricing – In this case Country A charges Country B according to the market price. Therefore, the manager’s performance is comparable as both have opportunity to make profit. ï‚ § Negotiated Transfer Pricing – Here the prices are negotiated, keeping profit margin for each of them. In this case they are also comparable. ï‚ § Full cost transfer pricing – In this case, the suppliers do not keep profit for their division, instead full cost is transferred to another department and the final profit is made by the last department. Thus, the profit centres are not comparable to each other. ï‚ § International transfer pricing – Since we know they trade among each other across borders also, they also need to be aware of taxation rates, currency rates, transportation costs and local suppliers in different countries in order to set prices. Here, each portfolio cannot be compared based on profit margins. c) Improves efficiency and speed of decision making: As the profit centre managers have authority to decide on their suppliers, customers, selling prices, etc, they have the opportunity to perform tasks at a faster pace and increased efficiency. d) No risk of reduced profitability: Revenue centre managers are only responsible for generating sales, and they do it at the cost of reduced profitability, but profit centre managers generate revenue making sure profits are earned. 6.2 Now let us discuss the Drawbacks of the profit centre managers: a) Unable to make capital investments: Profit centre managers are not authorized to make investment decisions; resulting in loosing opportunity to make profitable investment in specif... ... middle of paper ... ... 20 Unit variable cost of buying 7 15 20 24 (4) 1 3 4 Annual requirements (units) 3000 4000 5000 6000 So, Extra Variable Cost of Buying (12000) 4000 15000 24000 Fixed Cost of Buying 1000 2000 3000 4000 Extra total cost of buying (13000) 2000 12000 20000 Assuming that fixed cost will remain constant whether or not the company buys or makes the products, the relevant cost of manufacture will be considered the variable cost. In this circumstance, the company should only buy products if the